n을 활용한 다양한 Node.js 버전 관리

Node.js에서 n은 손쉽게 Node.js 환경을 바꿔주고 적용해주는 유명한 모듈입니다.

Python도 비슷하지만 Node.js 로 개발된 프로그램에 따라 특정 Node.js 환경에서만 실행되는 경우가 있어, 다양한 테스트를 위해 종종 Node.js 환경을 바꿔야하는 경우가 있습니다. 

n의 기능은 다양하지만 대표적인 몇개의 기능을 살펴보면 아래와 같습니다. 

• 특정버전 설치
• 삭제
• 적용

아래는 n -h 명령어를 썼을때 뜨는 상세설명입니다. 궁굼하신 분은 더 보기를 눌러 확인해보세요.

Usage: n [options] [COMMAND] [args]

Commands:

  n                              Display downloaded Node.js versions and install selection
  n latest                       Install the latest Node.js release (downloading if necessary)
  n lts                          Install the latest LTS Node.js release (downloading if necessary)
  n <version>                    Install Node.js <version> (downloading if necessary)
  n install <version>            Install Node.js <version> (downloading if necessary)
  n run <version> [args ...]     Execute downloaded Node.js <version> with [args ...]
  n which <version>              Output path for downloaded node <version>
  n exec <vers> <cmd> [args...]  Execute command with modified PATH, so downloaded node <version> and npm first
  n rm <version ...>             Remove the given downloaded version(s)
  n prune                        Remove all downloaded versions except the installed version
  n --latest                     Output the latest Node.js version available
  n --lts                        Output the latest LTS Node.js version available
  n ls                           Output downloaded versions
  n ls-remote [version]          Output matching versions available for download
  n uninstall                    Remove the installed Node.js

Options:

  -V, --version         Output version of n
  -h, --help            Display help information
  -p, --preserve        Preserve npm and npx during install of Node.js
  -q, --quiet           Disable curl output. Disable log messages processing "auto" and "engine" labels.
  -d, --download        Download if necessary, and don't make active
  -a, --arch            Override system architecture
  --all                 ls-remote displays all matches instead of last 20
  --insecure            Turn off certificate checking for https requests (may be needed from behind a proxy server)
  --use-xz/--no-use-xz  Override automatic detection of xz support and enable/disable use of xz compressed node downloads.

Aliases:

  install: i
  latest: current
  ls: list
  lsr: ls-remote
  lts: stable
  rm: -
  run: use, as
  which: bin

Versions:

  Numeric version numbers can be complete or incomplete, with an optional leading 'v'.
  Versions can also be specified by label, or codename,
  and other downloadable releases by <remote-folder>/<version>

    4.9.1, 8, v6.1    Numeric versions
    lts               Newest Long Term Support official release
    latest, current   Newest official release
    auto              Read version from file: .n-node-version, .node-version, .nvmrc, or package.json
    engine            Read version from package.json
    boron, carbon     Codenames for release streams
    lts_latest        Node.js support aliases

    and nightly, rc/10 et al​

 

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설치방법

sudo npm install -g n

 

특정 Node.js 버전 설치 방법

$> sudo n install 18
  installing : node-v18.16.0
       mkdir : /usr/local/n/versions/node/18.16.0
       fetch : https://nodejs.org/dist/v18.16.0/node-v18.16.0-darwin-arm64.tar.xz
     copying : node/18.16.0
   installed : v18.16.0 to /usr/local/bin/node
      active : v19.6.0 at /opt/homebrew/bin/node
      
      
$> sudo n install 19
  installing : node-v19.9.0
       mkdir : /usr/local/n/versions/node/19.9.0
       fetch : https://nodejs.org/dist/v19.9.0/node-v19.9.0-darwin-arm64.tar.xz
     copying : node/19.9.0
   installed : v19.9.0 to /usr/local/bin/node
      active : v19.6.0 at /opt/homebrew/bin/node

 

Node.js 버전 교체적용 방법 

$> sudo n

위와 같은 화면에서 키보드와 엔터를 통해 원하는 Node.js 버전을 선택

특정 프로그램이 16버전에서만 동작하여, 16으로 변경해본 모습. 이상없이 잘 적용됨을 확인

 

※ 맥에서 brew를 통한 node.js 설치를 진행한 사람의 경우 brew uninstall nodejs 해주신 후 진행하시기 바랍니다.